Surgery for gynecological cancers treats ovarian, cervical, uterine, and fallopian tube cancer. The surgery may be performed through conventional, laparoscopic, or robotic techniques.
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Staging Surgery: The surgeons perform staging surgery to detect the spread of cancer to different sections of the abdomen and pelvis. It helps in determining the cancer stage, which helps develop an appropriate treatment strategy. The tissue samples are removed during staging surgery and sent to the laboratory for further evaluation.
Total Hysterectomy: Total hysterectomy is the procedure to remove the uterus and cervix while leaving the ovaries intact. After a total hysterectomy, the woman cannot get pregnant and does not have a menstrual cycle. Apart from cancer treatment, it is also performed for uterine prolapse, abnormal bleeding, and uterine fibroids. The surgery may be performed under general or regional anesthesia.
Radical Hysterectomy: Radical hysterectomy is a surgical procedure for the management of various gynecological cancers, including uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, and cervical cancer. During a radical hysterectomy, the surgeons remove the cervix, the uterus, and some parts of the vagina. In addition, the surgeon may remove the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and surrounding lymph nodes if required.
Salpingo-oophorectomy: Salpingo-oophorectomy involves the removal of the fallopian tube and ovary. When both the ovaries and fallopian tubes are removed, it is called a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy involves the removal of one ovary and one fallopian tube.
Omentectomy: The omentum is a fatty tissue present in the abdomen. The tissue initiates from the stomach and extends to the intestines. Omentectomy is the procedure to remove the omentum if it is suspected that gynecological cancer has spread to the omentum.
Debulking Surgery: Debulking surgery involves the removal of the maximum tumor. The procedure is performed when gynecological cancers spreads to the abdominal cavity. It is done before radiation therapy or chemotherapy to increase the chances of killing all cancer cells.
Lymph Node Biopsy: A lymph node biopsy is performed to determine the spread of gynecological cancer. It helps with staging cancer and developing an appropriate treatment strategy.