"Reconstructive" means restoring the original form and function through repair rerouting, or replacement. The diseases that require the services of expert reconstructive urology surgeons include bladder cancer, genitourinary fistula, genital injuries, testicular cancer, cancer or congenital abnormalities of the ureters, and stress incontinence. In addition, reconstructive urology requires advanced urology care, multispecialty teamwork, experienced reconstructive urology surgeons, and state-of-the-art surgical techniques.