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Duodenum

Duodenum is part of the small intestine connected to the stomach. Several conditions may affect the duodenum, such as duodenal ulcers, duodenal cancer, duodenum inversion, duodenitis, and Crohn's disease of the duodenum. Early diagnosis and treatment of duodenal diseases are essential to prevent complications.

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  • Peptic Ulcer: Patients with peptic ulcers have a sore on the inner lining of the esophagus, small intestine, or stomach. When the peptic ulcer is present in the duodenum (the initial section of the small intestine connected to the stomach), the condition is called a duodenal ulcer.
  • Dark Black Stools/ Melena: There are several reasons for black stools. Some of them are benign and include the intake of iron supplements, dark-colored foods, and medicines containing bismuth. However, in other cases, it may be due to serious underlying medical conditions, such as bleeding ulcers and gastric and esophageal cancers. Melena is a condition characterized by dark-colored stools due to upper GI bleeding.
  • Vomiting: Several diseases of the duodenum cause vomiting. One of the most common diseases is duodenitis, which is inflammation of the duodenal lining. The other condition, which causes vomiting, is the duodenum inversum (congenital disease) characterized by inverted duodenum.
  • Duodenal Polyps: Duodenal polyps are abnormal tissue growths in the duodenum lining. Most polyps have inflammatory characteristics and are diagnosed through an esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
  • Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors: These are rare tumors that originate from the cells of the gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine system. Symptoms of duodenal neuroendocrine tumors include abdominal pain, bleeding in the upper GI tract, jaundice, and anemia.
  • Duodenal Varices: Duodenal varices are a condition caused due to expansion of blood vessels in the duodenum. Some of the causes of varices include cirrhosis and portal hypertension. It generally occurs along with esophageal varices.
  • Periampullary Adenoma: Periampullary adenoma is characterized by the presence of lesions in the Ampulla of Vater that can potentially progress into malignant disease. Ampulla of Vater is a site in the digestive tract where the pancreatic and common bile ducts meet.
  • Periampullary Carcinoma: Periampullary carcinoma is a condition that involves the growth of neoplasm from the duodenum, distal common bile duct, and head of the pancreas.