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Device Therapy

Cardiac devices play an essential role in the management of several cardiovascular conditions. Several devices are used, depending upon the type of treatment required. These include pacemakers, biventricular pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, and Implantable loop recorders.

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  • Biventricular Pacemaker: Biventricular pacemaker is recommended in patients with arrhythmia-related heart failure. The device ensures a coordinated contraction between the left and right ventricles to maintain blood circulation. A biventricular pacemaker comprises a pulse generator and three leads. During heart failure, along with arrhythmia, the coordination between the heart's lower chambers gets disturbed, lowering the amount of oxygen-rich blood reaching the body. A biventricular pacemaker is also implanted to treat life-threatening arrhythmias, poor ejection fraction, a large left ventricle, and severe or moderate heart failure symptoms.
  • Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRTs): Cardiac resynchronization therapy coordinates the timing of contractions in the lower and upper chambers of the heart. CRT is required in patients with moderate to severe heart failure, out-of-sync contraction of the ventricles, a weak and enlarged heart, and in patients in whom lifestyle modifications cannot control the symptoms of heart failure. The advantages of CRT are an increase in blood flow and an improvement in the efficiency of the heart.
  • Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICDs):These are implantable devices placed under the skin in the chest. The function of the device is to detect abnormal heart rhythms and correct them. The correction of the abnormal heart rhythm occurs through the generation of an electric shock. ICDs are recommended in patients with a significantly higher heartbeat (ventricular tachycardia) or at increased risk for abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia). ICD devices are implanted after performing a comprehensive evaluation of the patient through ECG, echocardiography, Holter monitor, and an event recorder.
  • Implantable Loop Recorders: Implantable loop recorder is a heart-monitoring device that continuously records the heartbeat for about three years. An implantable loop recorder is placed in patients with unexplained fainting, unexplained stroke, and arrhythmia. As the device continuously monitors the heartbeat, it can record an alteration in the heartbeat at a specific point that the other devices cannot detect.