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Cardiac Procedures

Cardiac procedures are performed to treat various diseases of the heart. The diseases treated may include congenital conditions, such as patent ductus arteriosus and septal defects, and acquired conditions, such as coronary artery disease and heart failure. With the advancements in technology and the availability of new surgical interventions, there has been a significant improvement in the favorable outcomes following cardiac surgery.

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  • Conditions
  • Coronary Artery Disease: The coronary artery supplies blood to the heart muscles. Blockage in the coronary artery may result in reduced blood flow to the heart muscles. This condition is called coronary artery disease.
  • Septal Defect: The wall separates the chambers of the heart. A hole in any of the walls is known as a septal defect. The types of septal defects are atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect.
  • Valvular Disease: Several valves are present in the heart, which ensures unidirectional blood flow. Diseases of these valves are known as valvular diseases.
  • Carotid Artery Disease: Carotid artery disease is characterized by fatty deposits in the carotid artery (the artery that supplies blood to the brain).
  • Diseases of the Aorta: The aorta carries the blood from the heart to the body. Several diseases affect the aorta, such as dissection, coarctation (congenital disease), stenosis, and abdominal aortic aneurysm.
  • Heart Failure: It occurs when the heart is unable to circulate adequate blood to meet the body's demands.
  • Pulmonary Thromboembolism: When a clot is formed in any vessel in the body, it is known as thrombosis. When this clot travels and blocks the pulmonary vessels, the condition is known as pulmonary thromboembolism.
  • Procedures
  • Adult Cardiac Procedures: The adult cardiac procedures include heart valve replacement, heart valve repair, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, heart transplant, pulmonary endarterectomy, coronary artery bypass grafting, aortic root replacement (Bentall procedure), assisted devices, and LV restoration surgery.
  • Pediatric Cardiac Procedures: Pediatric cardiac procedures include septal defect closure, patent ductus arteriosus closure, Fontan procedure, Tetralogy of Fallot(TOF) repair, aortopulmonary window repair, Blalock-Taussig shunts, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection repair, and Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection repair.
  • Advanced Cardiac Procedures: Advanced cardiac procedures include bilateral internal mammary artery grafts (BIMA), total arterial off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, and minimally invasive cardiac surgery.