Imagine you’re enjoying a peaceful Sunday afternoon when suddenly, someone near you clutches their chest and collapses. It’s a heart attack—a situation where every second counts. Knowing what to do (and what not to do) could be the difference between life and death.
A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked. This blockage is often due to a buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other substances, forming a plaque in the coronary arteries. When a plaque ruptures, a blood clot forms, restricting blood flow. Without oxygen, the heart muscle starts to die, leading to severe consequences.
Recognizing the symptoms early is your first line of defense. Common signs include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, cold sweats, and nausea. Some individuals may also experience pain in the jaw, neck, back, or arms
The moment you suspect someone is having a heart attack, act quickly. Start by calling emergency services immediately. Provide the dispatcher with clear information about the symptoms and the patient’s condition. While waiting for help to arrive, keep the person calm and seated. If they are conscious, encourage them to chew and swallow an aspirin (unless they are allergic or have been advised not to by a doctor).
If the person becomes unconscious and no pulse & breathing, start CPR immediately. Begin with chest compressions ventilation (30:2) at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. Place the heel of one hand on the center of the person’s chest, then place the other hand on top and push hard and fast. Continue until emergency medical services arrive. Remember, effective CPR can double or even triple a person’s chances of survival.
Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) are lifesaving devices designed to restore a normal heart rhythm. If an AED is available, turn it on and follow the voice prompts. Attach the pads to the person’s bare chest as directed. The AED will analyse the heart’s rhythm and advise if a shock is necessary. Stand clear and administer the shock if instructed. Resume CPR immediately after delivering the shock.
In the heat of the moment, it’s easy to make mistakes. Avoid giving the person food or drink, which can complicate medical procedures later. Don’t leave the person alone; stay with them until emergency responders arrive. Finally, don’t underestimate the situation. Even if the symptoms seem mild, it’s better to err on the side of caution.
Staying calm is easier said than done, but it’s crucial for effective first aid. Panic can lead to mistakes and delay critical actions. Take deep breaths, focus on the task at hand, and remember that your calm demeanor can also help reassure the person experiencing the heart attack.
Preparation can make a significant difference in emergency situations. Take a CPR course to get hands-on practice in performing chest compressions and using an AED. Familiarize yourself with the location of AEDs in your community, such as in schools, offices, and public places. Having a basic first aid kit on hand, including aspirin, can also be beneficial.
While first aid is crucial, prevention is always better than cure. Encourage a heart-healthy lifestyle by promoting regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding smoking. Regular check-ups can help catch risk factors like high blood pressure cholesterol early, reducing the likelihood of a heart attack.
Knowledge is power, so share what you’ve learned with family, friends, and colleagues. Organize workshops or informal sessions to teach others about the signs of a heart attack and the necessary first aid steps. The more people who know how to respond, the better the chances of saving lives.
Experiencing or witnessing a heart attack can be traumatic. It’s important to address the psychological impact on both the victim and the helpers. Encourage open discussions about the experience and seek professional help if needed. Mental health is a crucial component of overall well-being and recovery.
Advancements in medical technology and increased awareness are improving heart attack survival rates. Innovations like smartphone apps that guide CPR and wearable devices that monitor heart health are just the beginning. Staying informed about these advancements can help you be even more prepared in the future.
Being equipped with the knowledge of how to respond to a heart attack is invaluable. From recognizing the symptoms to performing CPR and using an AED in unresponsive person, every action counts.
