Living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can often feel like an invisible battle. This chronic autoimmune disease doesn’t just affect the joints; it may have far-reaching consequences for other systems in the body. But understanding what you're facing can be the first step toward managing it effectively.
RA is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation that primarily affects the small joints in your hands and feet. It's different from the more common osteoarthritis, which is caused by cartilage wear and tear in joints.
In rheumatoid arthritis, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium healthy—or the lining of the joints—leading to inflammation. This can, over time, cause the bone and cartilage within the joint to erode, leading to pain, swelling joint deformity, and a decrease in movement, if not treated on time.
Though the exact cause of RA is not yet known, certain factors can increase one's risk, such as:
Women are more commonly affected, though it can be seen in men too
Women are more likely to develop RA, and it often starts between the ages of 30 and 60, though it can occur at any age.
The symptoms of RA can be different for everyone and can vary over time, sometimes flaring up and other times receding. Early diagnosis is critical for managing the disease effectively.
Common Symptoms Include:
Uncommon but Possible Symptoms:
Living with ongoing symptoms can be challenging, affecting everything from daily activities to emotional well-being. However, with the right management, many people with RA lead full and active lives.
Diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis is a multi-step process that typically involves a combination of your medical history, a physical exam, and various tests.
Diagnosis can sometimes be challenging because other conditions can have similar symptoms. A rheumatologist, a doctor who specializes in arthritis and other inflammatory conditions, is best-suited to diagnose and treat RA.
Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis aims to reduce inflammation and pain, slow the progression of the disease, and improve or maintain joint function.
Several types of medications are available to treat RA:
Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage symptoms. For more severe pain, your doctor might prescribe stronger medication.
NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs help reduce pain and inflammation but do not slow the progression of the disease.
Corticosteroids: These medications quickly reduce inflammation and pain in the joints, it is better to use steroids in the smallest dose & shortest duration possible.
DMARDs: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs slow or stop the immune system from attacking the joints. These include methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and hydroxychloroquine.
Biologics: They can target specific parts of the immune system that fuel inflammation.
JAK inhibitors: A newer type of biologic medication, these drugs block the Janus kinase (JAK) pathway, which is involved in the immune response.It is taken as a tablet
Regular therapy sessions can help relieve pain and improve the strength and flexibility of your joints.
In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct deformities or to replace damaged joints.
In addition to these treatments, certain lifestyle modifications can also help manage the disease, including:
By working closely with a healthcare team, individuals with RA can find a treatment plan that works for their unique needs and circumstances.
Dealing with a chronic disease like rheumatoid arthritis can be emotionally draining. It’s important to address the emotional impact of the condition as part of your overall management plan.
Research into new treatment options for RA is ongoing, with a focus on improving the understanding of the disease at a molecular level and developing more targeted therapies.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a complex and challenging condition, but it’s not insurmountable. With the right knowledge, support, and treatment, it is possible to manage the disease effectively and lead a fulfilling life.
